Database Design
Efficient databases are built upon a well-planned database schema. Relationships between entities need to be accurately represented and techniques such as Normaliization utilized to elimate duplication as far as possible.Duplication can lead to a loss of data integrity and complicate maintenance.
Other issues to be considered include data security, encryption and transaction management, while the intelligent construction of SQL queries and the effective use Views can greatly improve database efficiency.
Example of a database entity diagram from a Hospital Database
Software and Web Application